pg. 769 #3&4

a. The boxer rebellion was a failure, The isolation of western civilization, and lastly the nationalism increase were factors of the end of the Qing dynasty.

b. China began a military campaign called the Northern Expedition. Also the Nationalist quickly gained control of Hunan province and the cities of the Wuhan area. This was the effect of the Nationalist movement growth and change under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek.

c. The attack on the Warlords, and the fact that the left side of the party(Communists& socialists) wanted more power for the peasants and workers were some factors that lead to the Communism growth in China. 

4. Being a member of the Chinese Communist Party we are fighting for our own society. The in-famous long march was of 100,000 communists. Many died in honor, but those who survived established headquarters in Yan’an. We explained to many of the peasants and urged them to support the revolution. We were undefeated by the Nationalist, and soon Communisim grew with the thought that Japan was the true enemy.  

563 #1,2

1.

• Free enterprise: System in which economic forces work automatically and naturally, without mercantilists laws and regulations. 
• Laissez-Faire: Belief that the government should not interfere with the operations of business.
• Humanitarians: People who work to improve the conditions of others.
• Utilitarianism: Belief that a law was useful if it led to “the greatest happiness of  the greatest number” of people.
• Strike: Refusal of workers to work until their demands are met.
• Unions: Associates of workers that combine forces and demands of different workers.
• Collective Bargaining: Process of negotiating between management and union representatives. 

2.

•  Adam Smith: A Scottish economist who accepted some ideas of the Physiocrats.
• Thomas Malthus: An Anglican clergyman who became a professor of economics.  
• David Richardo: British economist who wrote the working-class poverty is inevitable.
• Charles Dickens: Used his novels to attack greedy employers.
• Jeremy Bentham: A philosopher who put fotrth the theory of utilitarianism.
• John Stuart Mill: Believed that the government should work for the good of all citizens.

558 #1

• Capitalism: Economical system in which individuals, rather than governments, control the factors of production.
• Commercial Capitalism: Early economic system in which most capitalists were merchants who bought and sold goods.
• Industrial Capitalism: Type of capitalism that began during the Industrial Revolution when capitalists were involved  in producing and manufacturing goods themselves, often using merchandized and industrialized methods or production. 
• Interchangeable Parts: identical parts that can replace each other.
• Mass Production: System of producing large numbers of identical items.
• Corporations: Businesses that allow people to buy stock in the company.
• Monopoly: Complete control of the production or sale of a single good or service by a single firm.
• Cartels: Corporate combination the control the entire industries.
• Business Cycle: Alternating periods of prosperity and decline.
• Depression: Period in which the decreased demand of goods causes the entire economy to sink.

pg. 421 #2

• Opium War: a conflict on the opium trade between China and Great Britain.
• Treaty of Nanjing: Chine gave the island of Hong Kong to the British. 
• Taiping Rebellion: the attempt to overthrow the Manchu dynasty.

Pg 416 #4

a. Some changes that growth brought to the cities of China were trading an crop growing.

b. The Ming and Qing dynasty would have been upset to see foreigners  during this period of time because the did NOT agree with western civilization. 

Pg 681 1&3

• Meiji Restoration: The last shogun was overthrown and the emperor was put in direct control over the nation. 
• Diet: A two-house national assembly that was created by the new constitution.
• Sino-Japanese War: A war that began in 1937 between Chine and Japan over the control of Korea.
• Treaty of Shimonoseki: ended the Sino-Japanese War
• Mongkut: Acended to power in 1851, and was good at diplomacy.
• Lilioukalani: the queen of Hawaii did NOT want foreigners to control Hawaii.
• Emilio Aguinaldo: Led the Filipinos in a fight for independence.

3.

a. The British built schools and taught the Indian people in the ways of western civilization. British people also built railroads and paths to help with trade, this help India with nationalism.

b. They improved their country by living like western civilization. The Japanese would by machinery from the Europeans. They also were taught like western civilization.

c. Business people were sent to Hawaii, but in the Philippines U.s fought against Spain to gain control over the Philippines 

Pg 636

2. Carbonari – Secret Society of Italian nationalists in the early 1800s. 

    Giuseppe Mazzini – He was one of the most famous Cabonari.

    Young Italy Movement – Wanted to spread the idea of risorgimento.

     King Victor Emmanuel II – He was not sympathetis to the liberals, but he want to expand Sardinian territory.

     Camillo Benso Di Cavour – He was a republican and an Italian patriot. Also Camillo was King Victor Emmanuel II’s chief minister.

      Napoleon III – He wanted to increase French influence.

      Giuseppe Garibaldi – A man devoted to Italian freedom, led the way to the Two Sicilies.

 

a. The two events that led a new nationalist movements for unification in Italy were The French Revolution, Congress of Vienna, and Revolution of 1848.

b. The important leaders in the fight for Italian unification were Camillo Benso DiCavour and Giuseppe Garbaldi.

c. The King of Sardinia took the lead in Italian unification because they were allies with France and had a strong army controlled by Garibaldi

History Book

Pg. 528 #1plebiscite- Procedure used to submit the constitution of a new government to the people for a yes-or-no vote.nationalism- Love of one’s country rather than one’s native region.scorched-earth policy- Tactic of burning or destroying crops and anything else of value to an invading army.#2Napoleonic Code- System of French law under Napoleon’s direction.Concordat- Agreement between Napoleon and the pope recognizing Catholicism as the religion of most French citizens.Horatio Nelson- defeated a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain. Duke of Wellington- He lead and army to help the Spanish and Portuguese people rise up against the French.

La Marseillaise

I think this has become their anthem because back then they were ready to spill blood at any moment, and never backing down to what they believed.. Without a king they went wild and other parts of Europe wanted to control the French. Instead the French would fight back arming all citizens. They didn’t think they were tyrants only making thing easier for them. In the anthem is states that they are “less jealous of surviving them than of sharing their coffins.”  I think they weren’t jealous of the others, but would rather see them in coffins alone. Never backing down to what they believed.

pg. 511 #1,2 & pg. 516 #1

1. Bourgoisie -  Urban middle class, including merchants, manufacturers, and professionals.2. Louis XV – Louis XV’s expensive habits turned people against him. When taxes did not provide enough money, Louis XV borrowed more and more money from bankers.  Louis XIV – Louis married Marie-Antoinette to strengthen an alliance with Austria.  Marie-Antoinette – The daughter of the Austrian empress Maria Theresa was the most hated woman in France.1. Emigres – Nobles who fled France during the Revolution. Departments – Administrative districts in France. Conservatives – Group that does not want to change existing conditions. Moderates – Persons who do not hold extreme political views. Radicals -  Persons who want broad change mad in government.